Complacency has no place in medicine. I think that you do need to make, the best recommendation for the patient based on the current state of the art knowledge of the disease, and to not do so would be providing a disservice to your patients.
I first started working with patients with NMOSD probably close to 30 years ago. There was with a lot of trepidation that I began seeing those patients. As we know, this is a devastating neurological disease. Unfortunately, patients are oftentimes met with challenges leading to disability. And we had very few treatments available for those patients.
We also had difficulty diagnosing those patients. We didn't have the aquaporin-4-antibody available yet. So, it was a very difficult time.
When I first started seeing patients with NMOSD, we had no FDA-approved therapies. We were using everything off label. And frankly, flying by the seat of our pants. We were using a variety of oral Immunosuppressives and rituximab.
And I think the decision as to which therapy we were going to use was partially based on patients’ preference, patients’ comorbidities, and also partially based on our own experiences.
This is a very exciting time in the world of neurology and specifically in the world of NMOSD, we have multiple FDA-approved therapies available that we can offer to our patients. And this is really having a positive outcome on our patient’s long-term futures.
In my experience, healthcare providers, we look at efficacy first and safety second. And I think patients look at safety first and efficacy second. So those two worlds have to kind of meld together. I think safety is very important. Tolerability is important. Comorbidities are important. Insurance requirements are important. All of these things have to be collated together before a decision can be made.
With the FDA approved therapies, this gives us the confidence from the randomized clinical trials that have been done. They've gone through the rigorous process of the clinical trials, we have information about the mechanism of action, the efficacy and the safety. this adds to our, treatment choices for our patients.
UPLIZNA depletes B-cells with the CD19 marker. CD19 B cells encompasses from pro-b cells all the way up to plasmablasts and plasma cells, and the plasmablasts and the plasma cells are the cells that are releasing the aquaporin-4-IgG antibody, which is the source of all of the trouble with NMOSD.
They were able to manipulate the molecule to remove the fucose from the monoclonal antibody UPLIZNA. And as a result, it may be more effective in reducing or in depleting the B cells. It's believed that up to 40% of the population has a genetic polymorphism, which for those people that do have that polymorphism, taking a B cell therapy, that's not glycoengineered may render that medication less effective.
I have more confidence using UPLIZNA because it has a broader, mechanism of action or broader range on the CD19 cells because of the, the efficacy, and the safety data is good. It makes me feel comfortable prescribing it for my patients.
We're seeing improved patient outcomes with our patients. We're seeing less in the way of disability. And I think that's the most exciting thing for me.
I want to do the best for my patients. I want to know and feel confident that I'm doing the right thing for them. And being on an FDA approved therapy, knowing that this therapy has been studied and been through the rigors of a clinical trial gives me that confidence that this is an appropriate therapy for them.
It’s wonderful to be able to offer patients options about the, the various therapies for NMOSD. Prior to FDA-approved therapies, it’s very important that we, empathize with our patients and that we offer the best possible treatment for them, as if they were our own relatives sitting there.
- A history of life-threatening infusion reaction to UPLIZNA
- Active hepatitis B infection
- Active or untreated latent tuberculosis
WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS
Infusion Reactions: UPLIZNA can cause infusion reactions, which can include headache, nausea,
somnolence, dyspnea, fever, myalgia, rash, or other symptoms. Infusion reactions were most common with the first
infusion but were also observed during subsequent infusions. Administer pre-medication with a corticosteroid, an
antihistamine, and an anti-pyretic.
Infections: The most common infections reported by UPLIZNA-treated patients in the randomized and
open-label periods included urinary tract infection (20%), nasopharyngitis (13%), upper respiratory tract
infection (8%), and influenza (7%). Delay UPLIZNA administration in patients with an active infection until the
infection is resolved.
Increased immunosuppressive effects are possible if combining UPLIZNA with another immunosuppressive therapy.
The risk of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) reactivation has been observed with other B-cell-depleting antibodies.
Perform HBV screening in all patients before initiation of treatment with UPLIZNA. Do not administer to patients
with active hepatitis.
Although no confirmed cases of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) were identified in UPLIZNA
clinical trials, JC virus infection resulting in PML has been observed in patients treated with other
B-cell-depleting antibodies and other therapies that affect immune competence. At the first sign or symptom
suggestive of PML, withhold UPLIZNA and perform an appropriate diagnostic evaluation.
Patients should be evaluated for tuberculosis risk factors and tested for latent infection prior to initiating
UPLIZNA.
Vaccination with live-attenuated or live vaccines is not recommended during treatment and after discontinuation,
until B-cell repletion.
Reduction in Immunoglobulins: There may be a progressive and prolonged hypogammaglobulinemia or
decline in the levels of total and individual immunoglobulins such as immunoglobulins G and M (IgG and IgM) with
continued UPLIZNA treatment. Monitor the level of immunoglobulins at the beginning, during, and after
discontinuation of treatment with UPLIZNA until B-cell repletion especially in patients with opportunistic or
recurrent infections.
Fetal Risk: May cause fetal harm based on animal data. Advise females of reproductive potential of
the potential risk to a fetus and to use an effective method of contraception during treatment and for six months
after stopping UPLIZNA.
Adverse Reactions: The most common adverse reactions (at least 10% of patients treated with UPLIZNA
and greater than placebo) were urinary tract infection and arthralgia.
Please see Full Prescribing Information for more information.